Qubahan Journal of Medical Sciences (QJMS) is committed to ensuring that all research involving human participants and animals complies with recognized ethical standards, medical research guidelines, and applicable regulations.

• Authors conducting research involving human participants or animals must ensure that their studies do not pose unnecessary risks and obtain approval from an appropriate institutional ethics committee where required.

• Research involving human participants or animals must comply with applicable national and international ethical standards, including the Declaration of Helsinki for human medical research.

• For studies involving patients, clinical trials, medical interventions, diagnostic procedures, or other human participants, authors must obtain informed consent and provide an appropriate ethics approval statement, unless an authorized exemption or waiver applies.

• For research involving patient images, medical records, diagnostic scans, genetic information, or personal health data, authors must protect participants' identities and obtain appropriate consent for publication when individuals are identifiable.

• Research involving animals must receive prior ethical approval where required and comply with applicable animal welfare regulations.

• Ethical approval and necessary permissions must be obtained before conducting research whenever required by the relevant regulatory or institutional authorities.

• Research involving clinical medicine, biomedical sciences, pharmacology, nursing, public health, laboratory experiments, or medical interventions must follow recognized ethical guidelines and prioritize patient safety, confidentiality, and well-being.

• Authors must include an ethics statement in the Methods section specifying the approving Institutional Review Board (IRB) or ethics committee, approval number (where applicable), and relevant consent procedures.

• Research involving children, pregnant women, patients with disabilities, individuals unable to provide informed consent, or other vulnerable populations must include appropriate safeguards and legally authorized representative consent where required.

• QJMS strongly encourages the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) to minimize animal use and improve animal welfare in scientific research.

This policy follows applicable ethical principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki, and relevant international medical research ethics guidelines.